Recent Advances in Biomass Pretreatment Technologies for Biohydrogen Production

Hydrogen is an economical source of clean energy that has been utilized by industry for decades. In recent years, demand hydrogen risen significantly. sources include water electrolysis, hydrocarbon steam reforming, and fossil fuels, which emit hazardous greenhouse gases therefore have a negative impact on global warming. The increasing worldwide population created much pressure natural with growing gap between renewable its insufficient supply. As result, the environment suffered from alarming increases in pollution levels. Biohydrogen sustainable form preferable substitute fuel. Anaerobic fermentation, photo microbial enzymatic photolysis or combinations such techniques are new approaches producing biohydrogen. For cost-effective biohydrogen production, substrate should be cheap renewable. Substrates including algal biomass, agriculture residue, wastewaters readily available. Moreover, substrates rich starch cellulose as plant stalks agricultural waste, food waste cheese whey reported to support dark- photo-fermentation. However, their direct utilization not recommended due complex nature. Therefore, they must pretreated before use release fermentable sugars. Various pretreatment technologies established still being developed. This article focuses production discusses efficiency suitability, hybrid-treatment technology.